Battery-Supercapacitor Energy Storage Systems for Electrical Vehicles: A Review

The current worldwide energy directives are oriented toward reducing consumption and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. exponential increase in the production of electrified vehicles last decade an important part meeting global goals on climate change. However, while no emissions directly come from operations electrical vehicles, vehicle process results much higher than case a classical internal combustion vehicle; thus, to reduce environment impact they should be used for as long possible. Using only batteries electric can lead shorter battery life certain applications, such those with many stops starts but not these cases. To lifespan batteries, couplings between supercapacitors new form hybrid storage systems seems most appropriate way. For this, there four different types converters, including rectifiers, inverters, AC-AC DC-DC converters. system operate consistently, effectively, safely, realistic controller technique must used; at moment, few techniques being market.